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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

A tumor microenvironment-based prognostic index for osteosarcoma.

Changwu Wu¹, Siming Gong², Yingjuan Duan³

¹Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.

Journal of Biomedical Science

|April 13, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Tumor Microenvironment index (TMEindex) predicts osteosarcoma patient outcomes and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This index helps distinguish molecular and immune characteristics, guiding personalized treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Big data Checkpoint inhibitor therapy Immune cell infiltration Osteosarcoma Prognostic index Tumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

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Published on: October 28, 2021

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Genomics

Background:

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in osteosarcoma development.
Understanding TME composition is key for tumor-immune cell interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a prognostic index (TMEindex) for osteosarcoma based on TME characteristics.
To predict patient survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Main Methods:

Utilized the ESTIMATE algorithm on osteosarcoma samples from the TARGET database.
Employed gene expression analysis, co-expression networks, and regression models to construct the TMEindex.
Validated the TMEindex in independent datasets and explored its molecular and immune implications via scRNA-Seq and experiments.

Main Results:

High TMEindex correlated with worse survival and increased invasiveness, linked to MYC and mTOR pathways.
Low TMEindex indicated immune-related pathways and better response to ICI therapy.
TMEindex negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration and was linked to response to 29 oncologic drugs.

Conclusions:

The TMEindex serves as a valuable biomarker for osteosarcoma prognosis and ICI therapy response.
TMEindex effectively differentiates molecular and immune profiles in osteosarcoma.