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Reference equations for breathlessness during incremental cycle exercise testing.

Viktor Elmberg1,2, Linus Schiöler3, Thomas Lindow4,5

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

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|April 14, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed reference equations to interpret breathlessness intensity during incremental exercise testing (IET). These equations help assess exertional breathlessness in males and females aged 18-90 years.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Pulmonary Function Testing
  • Clinical Biomechanics

Background:

  • Exertional breathlessness is a common symptom during exercise.
  • Incremental exercise testing (IET) is widely used to assess breathlessness.
  • Lack of established reference equations hinders interpretation of breathlessness intensity during IET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop reference equations for breathlessness intensity during IET.
  • To provide a standardized method for interpreting breathlessness responses.
  • To establish the upper limit of normal (ULN) for breathlessness intensity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2581 adults undergoing IET in Sweden.
  • Marginal ordinal logistic regression used to analyze breathlessness intensity (Borg CR10) in relation to power output (%predWmax), age, sex, height, and body mass.
  • Exclusion criteria applied to ensure a healthy cohort, excluding those with cardiac/respiratory disease or abnormal test results.

Main Results:

  • Developed reference equations for breathlessness intensity during IET for males and females (18-90 years).
  • Mean breathlessness intensity was similar between sexes at peak exertion and relative to %predWmax.
  • Final equations included age, height, and %predWmax for males, and age and %predWmax for females, showing a close fit to observed data.

Conclusions:

  • Presents the first reference equations for interpreting breathlessness intensity during incremental cycle ergometry.
  • Provides tools for calculating the probability of different breathlessness ratings and the ULN.
  • Enables more accurate clinical assessment of exertional breathlessness.