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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
939
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

2.3K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
2.3K
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

1.9K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

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T cells in the brain inflammation.

Akihiko Yoshimura1, Masaki Ohyagi1, Minako Ito2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Advances in Immunology
|April 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T cells, including CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), play crucial roles in central nervous system diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, impacting brain health and aging.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityCytotoxic T cellsNeurodegenerative diseaseRegulatory T cellsStroke

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An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
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Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation
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Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders

Background:

  • The immune system, particularly T cells, is increasingly recognized for its role in CNS autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, and aging.
  • Acute ischemic brain injury models have significantly advanced our understanding of immune cell involvement in neural damage and repair.

Conclusions:

  • T cells are critical players in the pathogenesis and progression of cerebral infarction and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding T cell functions offers potential therapeutic targets for age-related cognitive decline and dementia.