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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

Complementary structural and functional abnormalities to localise epileptogenic tissue.

Jonathan J Horsley¹, Rhys H Thomas², Fahmida A Chowdhury³

¹CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

|April 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Combining diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) abnormalities improves epilepsy surgery outcomes. Resecting maximal abnormalities in both modalities significantly increased seizure freedom, aiding in precise localization of the epileptogenic zone.

Keywords:

Epilepsy diffusion-weighted MRI intracranial EEG machine learning multi-modal analysis surgical prediction

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A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Medical Imaging
Epileptology

Background:

Epilepsy surgery requires precise localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in drug-refractory focal epilepsy.
Intracranial EEG (iEEG) and diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) are used to map seizure onset and white matter tracts, respectively.
Investigating combined structural and functional abnormalities may enhance EZ localization and surgical outcomes.

Approach:

Retrospective analysis of 43 epilepsy patients undergoing iEEG and dMRI before surgery.
Quantified interictal iEEG and dMRI structural connectivity abnormalities against normative data.
Correlated resection of maximal abnormalities in both modalities with one-year seizure freedom (ILAE 1 or 2).

Key Points:

Resection of maximal combined iEEG and dMRI abnormalities significantly increased seizure freedom (15-fold likelihood, p=0.008).
Both modalities individually predicted surgical outcomes.
A decision tree using both modalities correctly classified 84% of patients.

Conclusions:

Combined analysis of dMRI-inferred structural connectivity and iEEG functional abnormalities aids EZ localization.
These complementary modalities can improve pre-surgical evaluations for epilepsy surgery.
This integrated approach enhances the precision of surgical planning and outcomes.