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Association between asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis with leprosy: A case-control study.
Martha Débora Lira Tenório1, Jonnia Maria Sherlock Araujo1, Enaldo Vieira de Melo1
1Department of Medicine, Dermathology Clinic, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|April 17, 2023
Summary
Atopic diseases, such as asthma, are more common in leprosy patients than in their contacts. This finding suggests a link between atopic conditions and increased leprosy occurrence.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
- Dermatology
Background:
- The immune system's Th1 and Th2 responses are cross-regulated.
- Atopic diseases, characterized by Th2 responses, may inhibit the Th1 response crucial for combating Mycobacterium leprae.
- This inhibition could potentially exacerbate leprosy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between atopic diseases and leprosy.
- To determine if atopic conditions influence the occurrence or severity of leprosy.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted.
- Leprosy patients (n=333) and their household contacts (n=93) were included.
- The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire assessed atopic diseases, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
Main Results:
- At least one atopic disease was present in 51.6% of leprosy patients versus 40.86% of household contacts.
- The frequency of two or more atopic diseases was significantly higher in leprosy patients (21.9%) compared to contacts (11.8%; P=0.03).
- Asthma prevalence was significantly higher among leprosy patients (21%) than contacts (10.8%; P=0.02), with a linear increase in leprosy occurrence correlating with more atopic diseases (P=0.01).
Conclusions:
- A significant association exists between atopic diseases and leprosy.
- The findings suggest that atopic conditions may contribute to leprosy development or progression.
- This knowledge could inform improved treatment strategies for leprosy patients with co-existing atopic diseases.
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