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Development and Validation of a New Comprehensive Assessment Scale of HIV-Related Psychological Distress in China: A
Haiqi Ma1, Zhiguang Hu, Zhongqing Wang
1Haiqi Ma, MSN, RN, is a Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Zhiguang Hu, BA, is a General Practitioner, Hongshan Street Community Health Service Center, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Zhongqing Wang, MSN, is a Social Worker, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Education Foundation, Beijing, China. Yue Ma, MSN, RN, is a Lecturer, School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Huimin Zhai, MSN, RN, is a Professor, School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Juan Li, MSN, RN, is a Lecturer, School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Abstract:
Instruments evaluating HIV-related psychological distress (HRPD) in people living with HIV may lack sensitivity to capture patients' psychological burden. We developed a comprehensive scale measuring HRPD and evaluated its psychometric properties. A mixed-method study was conducted from July 2021 to April 2022; it involved a literature review, semistructured interviews ( n = 15), three rounds of panel discussions, two rounds of Delphi studies ( n = 20), a pilot test ( n = 20) to generate new scale items, and a cross-sectional survey ( n = 659) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HIV-related psychological distress scale. The scale contains 22 items across 4 subscales (i.e., disease-related distress, treatment adherence distress, identity distress, and disclosure distress). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed high goodness of fit (χ 2 /df = 2.412, comparative fit index = 0.916, incremental fit index = 0.917, and Tucker‒Lewis index = 0.902), showing that the HIV-related psychological distress scale is a reliable (Cronbach's α = 0.871 overall) and valid scale for evaluating HRPD in China and can be used to dynamically evaluate and monitor HRPD levels during patient follow-up.
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