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Related Concept Videos

Heritability01:06

Heritability

248
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

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Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Heritability Estimation Approaches Utilizing Genome-Wide Data.

Amit K Srivastava1,2,3, Scott M Williams4,5,6, Ge Zhang1,2,3,7

  • 1Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Current Protocols
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide provides practical, step-by-step protocols for estimating SNP-based heritability in unrelated individuals using various genomic data types and methods, including GREML, LDAK, and LDSC regression.

Keywords:
SNP-heritabilityindividual-level datasummary results

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Statistical Genetics

Background:

  • Heritability estimation traditionally relied on related individuals.
  • Recent advances enable SNP-based heritability estimation in unrelated individuals using genome-wide data or GWAS summary statistics.

Approach:

  • This review offers a practical, stepwise guide to commonly used SNP-heritability estimation methods.
  • It covers approaches utilizing individual-level data (arrays, WGS) and summary results.
  • Methods discussed include GREML, LDAK, and LD score regression, with illustrative examples for height and BMI.

Key Points:

  • Provides detailed protocols for GREML, LDAK, and LD score regression.
  • Compares statistical concepts, utility, advantages, and limitations of different methods.
  • Demonstrates heritability estimation using real data from NFBC and GIANT consortium.

Conclusions:

  • This resource serves as a template for researchers estimating heritability and a reference for method developers.
  • Facilitates practical application of SNP-heritability estimation techniques in genetic studies.