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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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G-quadruplexes from non-coding RNAs.

Fangyuan Li1,2, Jiang Zhou3

  • 1Department Medical Research Central, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|April 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) utilize unique structures like RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s) to regulate gene expression. Understanding rG4s in ncRNAs offers new therapeutic targets for G4-associated diseases.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexlncRNAsmiRNAsncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, influencing transcription, RNA maturation, and translation.
  • ncRNAs interact via sequence-based mechanisms and higher-order structures, including RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s).
  • rG4s form in guanine-rich regions and are implicated in diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of rG4s within ncRNAs, focusing on lncRNAs and miRNAs.
  • To elucidate the interplay between rG4s, RNA stem-loop structures, and ncRNA interactors.
  • To highlight the significance of ncRNA 3D structure in function and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on rG4 formation and function in ncRNAs.
  • Analysis of the dynamic balance between rG4s and other RNA structures.
  • Examination of how ncRNA-interactor complexes modulate gene expression and disease.

Main Results:

  • rG4s are key structural elements in ncRNAs, influencing their regulatory functions.
  • The structural dynamics of rG4s and their interactions are central to gene expression control.
  • Dysregulation of rG4-containing ncRNAs contributes to disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of rG4s in ncRNAs is vital for deciphering their biological roles.
  • The three-dimensional structure of ncRNAs, particularly rG4s, is critical for their function.
  • rG4s in ncRNAs represent promising novel therapeutic targets for associated human diseases.