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Updated: Aug 2, 2025
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A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets
Published on: December 5, 2014
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Contiguity and overshadowing interactions in the rapid-streaming procedure
José A Alcalá1,2, Ralph R Miller3, Richard D Kirkden4
1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Learning & Behavior
|April 17, 2023
Summary
Cue competition occurs when multiple cues signal the same outcome. This study investigated how temporal contiguity and overshadowing influence cue competition in learning, finding both effects but no abolition of competition with trace conditioning.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive psychology
- Behavioral neuroscience
- Learning and memory
Background:
- Organisms often exhibit cue competition, where one cue dominates behavioral control when multiple cues predict the same outcome.
- Existing research presents conflicting results regarding cue competition, with observations of competition, no interaction, or facilitation.
- Learning parameters, such as temporal contiguity and overshadowing, are implicated in modulating these interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the reliability of temporal contiguity and overshadowing effects within a streamed-trial procedure.
- To examine the interaction between temporal contiguity and overshadowing in associative learning.
- To determine if weakening temporal contiguity attenuates cue competition.
Main Methods:
- Five experiments utilized within-subject designs with participants learning cue-outcome relationships in rapid, streamed trials.
- Temporal contiguity was manipulated using delay and trace conditioning paradigms (500–1,000 ms intervals).
- Overshadowing was assessed by presenting cues alone or paired with another cue.
Main Results:
- Overshadowing effects were consistently observed across Experiments 1, 2, 4, and 5.
- Temporal contiguity effects were evident in Experiments 2, 3, and 4.
- Trace conditioning did not abolish cue competition, despite the frequent occurrence of both overshadowing and temporal contiguity effects.
Conclusions:
- Both overshadowing and temporal contiguity are reliably observed in the streamed-trial procedure.
- The degree to which temporal contiguity influences cue interactions is dependent on various factors.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay of variables governing cue competition.
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