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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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The Proteasome01:13

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
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Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Viral Evolution Shaped by Host Proteostasis Networks.

Jimin Yoon1, Jessica E Patrick1, C Brandon Ogbunugafor1,2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;

Annual Review of Virology
|April 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host proteostasis networks influence viral evolution by determining the fate of viral proteins with folding defects. This interaction shapes the sequence space accessible to evolving viruses, impacting antiviral strategies and pandemic prevention.

Keywords:
chaperonedrug and immune system resistanceprotein folding biophysicsquality controlstress responseviral adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Viral evolution is shaped by interactions between viral proteins and host cell machinery.
  • Many viral adaptive mutations lead to biophysically deleterious proteins with folding defects.
  • Host proteostasis networks (chaperones and quality control) manage protein folding and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze how host proteostasis factors influence viral protein sequence space.
  • To highlight research opportunities from a proteostasis perspective on viral evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of recent discoveries.
  • Discussion of the interplay between viral protein biophysics and host proteostasis.

Main Results:

  • Host proteostasis networks significantly shape the evolutionary trajectory of viral proteins.
  • These networks can either facilitate viral protein folding or target misfolded proteins for degradation.
  • This host-virus interaction restricts or expands the accessible sequence space for viral adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding host proteostasis is crucial for predicting viral evolution and developing antivirals.
  • The proteostasis network represents a key determinant of viral adaptation and sequence accessibility.
  • This perspective opens new avenues for research in virology and infectious disease.