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Real-Time fMRI Brain Mapping in Animals

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Published on: September 24, 2020

Hemodynamic timing in resting-state and breathing-task BOLD fMRI.

Jingxuan Gong¹, Rachael C Stickland², Molly G Bright³

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America.

|April 18, 2023

Summary

Hemodynamic delays in brain blood flow differ between resting-state and breath-holding conditions. Signal-to-noise ratios impact accuracy, cautioning against interchangeable use of these functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.

Keywords:

BOLD fMRI Breath-hold Hemodynamics Relative timing Resting-state

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Cerebrovascular Physiology
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Background:

Regional heterogeneity in blood flow response is observed in healthy and diseased brains.
Hemodynamic timing is a critical biomarker for cerebrovascular dysfunction and a confound in fMRI.
Previous studies suggest breathing challenges yield more robust hemodynamic timing than resting-state data.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the physiological interchangeability of hemodynamic delays derived from resting-state versus breath-holding conditions.
To determine how signal-to-noise ratio factors influence the agreement of voxel-wise hemodynamic delay estimates.

Main Methods:

Generated whole-brain maps of hemodynamic delays in nine healthy adults.
Assessed voxel-wise gray matter (GM) hemodynamic delay agreement between resting-state and breath-holding conditions.
Analyzed the impact of spatial smoothing on time-series correlation and agreement.

Main Results:

Poor agreement in delay values across all GM voxels.
Increased agreement when analyses were restricted to voxels strongly correlated with the GM mean time-series, often located near large venous vessels.
Enhanced spatial smoothing improved the correlation between individual voxel time-series and the GM mean time-series.

Conclusions:

Signal-to-noise limitations may affect the accuracy and agreement of voxel-wise timing estimates between resting-state and breathing-task data.
Caution is advised when interpreting voxel-wise delay estimates from resting-state and breath-holding data as interchangeable.
Further research is needed to assess the relative sensitivity and specificity of these methods for vascular physiology and pathology.