Regulated Surface Electronic States of CuNi Nanoparticles through Metal-Support Interaction for Enhanced...

Developing stable catalysts with higher selectivity and activity within a wide potential range is critical for efficiently converting CO₂ to ethanol. Here, the carbon-encapsulated CuNi nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped nanoporous graphene (CuNi@C/N-npG) composite are designedly prepared and display the excellent CO₂ reduction performance with the higher ethanol Faradaic effiency (FE_ethanol  ≥ 60%) in a wide potential window (600 mV). The optimal cathodic energy efficiency (47.6%), Faradaic efficiency (84%), and selectivity (96.6%) are also obtained at -0.78 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Combining with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is demonstrated that the stronger metal-support interaction (Ni-N-C) can regulate the surface electronic structure effectively, boosting the electron transfer and stabilizing the active sites (Cu⁰ -Cu^δ+ ) on the surface of CuNi@C/N-npG, finally realizing the controllable transition of reaction intermediates. This work may guide the designs of electrocatalysts with highly catalytic performance for CO₂ reduction to C₂₊ products.