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Exercise and Artery Function in Twins: Sex Differences in a Cross-Over Trial
Daniel J Green1, Channa E Marsh1, Hannah J Thomas1
1School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science) (D.J.G., C.E.M., H.J.T., L.L., A.H., L.H.N.), the University of Western Australia, Perth.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|April 19, 2023
Summary
Both endurance and resistance exercise improve vascular function, with greater effects observed in females. Most individuals respond to at least one exercise type, suggesting personalized training is key for cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Exercise Science
- Genetics
Background:
- Physical activity is crucial for reducing cardiovascular risk through direct effects on arterial health.
- Vascular function responses to exercise may differ based on exercise modality and sex, with potential genetic influences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate modality-specific and sex-dependent vascular function responses to endurance and resistance training.
- To determine the heritability of vascular function adaptations to different exercise training types.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 90 same-sex twins and randomized 70 to 3 months of resistance and 3 months of endurance training, with a washout period.
- Assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) and glyceryl-trinitrate induced dilation (GTN%) to evaluate vascular function.
Main Results:
- Both endurance and resistance training significantly increased FMD% and GTN% (p<0.001).
- Females showed significant increases in FMD% and GTN% in response to both training types, unlike males.
- Approximately one-third of participants did not respond to one or both exercise modes for FMD% and GTN%.
Conclusions:
- Both endurance and resistance training enhance vascular function, with more pronounced effects in females.
- Most individuals respond to at least one exercise modality, highlighting the importance of personalized exercise prescription.
- Genetic factors appear to have a limited role in exercise-induced vascular adaptations, suggesting environmental and training-specific factors are more critical.
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