Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

Mechanical Protein Functions

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.

Globular Proteins

Globular Proteins

In organisms, proteins are the most abundant macromolecules. They act as the building blocks of life and play various crucial roles in the body. Proteins can be broadly classified into two distinct subtypes based on their shape and solubilities: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins serve many important physiological functions, such as acting as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be soluble in the aqueous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Interplay Between Vertical and Horizontal Schemes of Computation: From Bayesian Inference to Quantum Logic via Gluing Boolean Algebras.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Acalabrutinib monotherapy as a first-line treatment for CLL: 3-year follow-up of the real-world EPIC study.

Blood advances·2026

Same author

Discriminating eclipse cues from weather.

Trends in plant science·2026

Same author

Observation of phase correlations in ferrofluids.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Propagation of electrical spike trains in substrates colonised by oyster fungi.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Proteinoid Computing on Olivine Substrates.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Mass-Sensitive Particle Tracking to Characterize Membrane-Associated Macromolecule Dynamics

Mass-Sensitive Particle Tracking to Characterize Membrane-Associated Macromolecule Dynamics

Published on: February 18, 2022

Transfer functions of proteinoid microspheres.

Panagiotis Mougkogiannis¹, Neil Phillips¹, Andrew Adamatzky¹

¹Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.

|April 19, 2023

Summary

Proteinoid microspheres, formed from heated amino acids, exhibit unique electrical properties. Researchers are exploring their potential for unconventional computing and artificial brain applications by analyzing their data transfer capabilities.

Keywords:

Microspheres Proteinoids Thermal proteins Unconventional computing

More Related Videos

Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins

Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins

Published on: October 28, 2022

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Published on: May 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Mass-Sensitive Particle Tracking to Characterize Membrane-Associated Macromolecule Dynamics

Mass-Sensitive Particle Tracking to Characterize Membrane-Associated Macromolecule Dynamics

Published on: February 18, 2022

Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins

Reconstitution of Actin-Based Motility with Commercially Available Proteins

Published on: October 28, 2022

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Fabricating Highly Open Porous Microspheres HOPMs via Microfluidic Technology

Published on: May 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Artificial Intelligence
Materials Chemistry

Background:

Proteinoids, or thermal proteins, are polymers formed by heating amino acids.
These proteinoids aggregate into microspheres with diameters typically ranging from 1μm to 10μm.
Hydrophobic interactions drive the clustering and growth of proteinoid microspheres in aqueous solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of proteinoid microspheres for unconventional electronic devices.
To measure and analyze the data-transfer capacities of proteinoid microspheres.
To understand the fundamental properties of proteinoid microspheres for future applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of proteinoids by heating amino acids.
Formation of proteinoid microspheres in aqueous solutions.
Experimental measurement and analysis of data-transfer functions in proteinoid microspheres.

Main Results:

Proteinoid microspheres exhibit unique electrical properties, including action-potential-like spiking.
The data-transfer function of proteinoid microspheres was demonstrated to be a nontrivial phenomenon under laboratory conditions.
Observed complexity in data transfer may stem from variations in proteinoid shape, size, and structure.

Conclusions:

Proteinoid microspheres possess unique properties suitable for developing artificial brains and unconventional computing.
Further research into the structure-property relationships of proteinoid microspheres is warranted.
These findings highlight the potential of proteinoid microspheres in advanced electronic applications.