A National Implementation Project to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A...

Although there are simple and low-cost measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), they remain a major public health problem. Quality issues and a lack of knowledge about HAI control among healthcare professionals may contribute to this scenario. In this study, our aim is to present the implementation of a project to prevent HAIs in intensive care units (ICUs) using the quality improvement (QI) collaborative model Breakthrough Series (BTS).

A QI report was conducted to assess the results of a national project in Brazil between January 2018 and February 2020. A 1-year preintervention analysis was conducted to determine the incidence density baseline of the 3 main HAIs: central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs). The BTS methodology was applied during the intervention period to coach and empower healthcare professionals providing evidence-based, structured, systematic, and auditable methodologies and QI tools to improve patients' care outcomes.

A total of 116 ICUs were included in this study. The 3 HAIs showed a significant decrease of 43.5%, 52.1%, and 65.8% for CLABSI, VAP, and CA-UTI, respectively. A total of 5140 infections were prevented. Adherence to bundles inversely correlated with the HAI incidence densities: CLABSI insertion and maintenance bundle (R = -0.50, P = .010 and R = -0.85, P < .001, respectively), VAP prevention bundle (R = -0.69, P < .001), and CA-UTI insertion and maintenance bundle (R = -0.82, P < .001 and R = -0.54, P = .004, respectively).

Descriptive data from the evaluation of this project show that the BTS methodology is a feasible and promising approach to preventing HAIs in critical care settings.