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A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
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The load-velocity relationship in the jump squat exercise.

Irineu Loturco1,2,3, Michael R McGuigan4,5, Lucas A Pereira1,2

  • 1NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.

Biology of Sport
|April 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the load-velocity relationship in the jump squat (JS) using mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and peak velocity (PV). Coaches can use these reliable bar-velocity metrics to precisely prescribe JS training loads.

Keywords:
AthletesAthletic performanceLoaded jumpsMuscle strengthResistance trainingTeam sports

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Strength and Conditioning

Background:

  • The jump squat (JS) is a valuable exercise for developing lower-body power.
  • Accurate load prescription is crucial for optimizing training adaptations.
  • Understanding the load-velocity relationship in the JS is essential for effective programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the load-velocity relationship in the jump squat using three distinct velocity parameters: mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and peak velocity (PV).
  • To assess the reliability and predictive accuracy of these velocity parameters in relation to varying loads.
  • To provide practical equations for coaches to prescribe jump squat training loads.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-six male rugby union players participated in the study.
  • A progressive loading test was conducted on the jump squat, with loads ranging from 20% to 80% of their half-squat 1RM.
  • Mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and peak velocity (PV) were measured using a linear velocity transducer during each jump squat attempt.

Main Results:

  • Bar-velocity outputs demonstrated high consistency and reliability (CV ≤ 5%, ICC ≥ 0.90).
  • Mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and peak velocity (PV) all exhibited strong predictive power (≥ 91%) for jump squat loads.
  • Linear regression models effectively described the relationship between jump squat loads and the measured velocity parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the validity of using MV, MPV, and PV to characterize the load-velocity relationship in the jump squat.
  • These velocity parameters are reliable and highly predictive across a wide spectrum of training loads (~20-100% JS 1RM).
  • The derived equations and bar-velocity data offer a practical tool for coaches to precisely prescribe jump squat training intensities.