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Capturing the Complex Relationship Between Internal and External Training Load: A Data-Driven Approach.

Stephan van der Zwaard1,2, Ruby T A Otter3,4, Matthias Kempe5

  • 1Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Amsterdam,the Netherlands.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|April 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continuous kernel-density estimation (KDE) effectively visualizes internal and external training load coupling in speed skating. This method differentiates training sessions better than traditional impulse scores or intensity zones.

Keywords:
KDEbig datadata scienceheart ratekernel density estimationspeed skatingtraining load monitoringvelocity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Training load is commonly defined by internal and external metrics.
  • Understanding the interplay between these loads is crucial for optimizing athletic performance.
  • Continuous kernel-density estimation (KDE) offers a novel approach to visualize this relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of bivariate KDE plots in describing the internal-external load coupling in speed skating.
  • To compare the differentiating capabilities of KDE plots against training impulse scores and intensity distribution zones.
  • To evaluate KDE's ability to distinguish between various training session types.

Main Methods:

  • Collected on-ice velocity and heart rate data from 18 (sub)elite speed skaters over two seasons.
  • Categorized training sessions into endurance, interval, tempo, and sprint types based on coaching schemes.
  • Employed Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to analyze differences in training impulse and KDE scores, respectively.

Main Results:

  • Training impulse scores showed minimal differences across training types, except for extensive endurance sessions.
  • Bivariate KDE plots of heart rate and velocity revealed significant differences (P < .001) between all training session types.
  • 2D KDE plots provided superior insights into load coupling compared to traditional training zone plots.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional KDE plots serve as a valuable tool for coaches to visualize and understand the nuances of internal-external load coupling.
  • This visualization aids in designing more effective training programs tailored to specific adaptations.
  • KDE enhances the ability to differentiate training sessions based on load characteristics.