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Mapping a brain parasite: occurrence and spatial distribution in fish encephalon.

Ana Born-Torrijos1,2, Gabrielle S van Beest1,3, Paolo Merella4

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Summary

Brain-encysting trematodes like Cardiocephaloides longicollis target specific fish brain regions, primarily the optic lobe and medulla oblongata. This parasite distribution may influence host behavior and transmission dynamics.

Keywords:
Brain-encystingCardiocephaloides longicollisHistologyMicrohabitat selectionTrematoda

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Neuroscience
  • Fish Biology

Background:

  • Brain-encysting trematodes manipulate host behavior to facilitate transmission.
  • Research on specific brain regions targeted by these parasites is limited.
  • Cardiocephaloides longicollis is a model trematode for studying host-parasite interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the distribution of Cardiocephaloides longicollis metacercariae in fish brains.
  • To identify specific brain regions targeted by the parasite.
  • To evaluate potential pathogenic effects and cyst formation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental infection of fish with C. longicollis cercariae.
  • Histological examination to determine metacercarial distribution.
  • Comparison of infection intensity and metacercarial patterns across different fish groups.

Main Results:

  • Metacercariae predominantly colonized the optic lobe (periventricular gray zone of optic tectum) and medulla oblongata.
  • Olfactory and cerebellar lobes were less frequently infected.
  • Mono- and multicysts formed, with a minor host inflammatory response.
  • Infection intensity correlated with the dose of cercariae administered.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiocephaloides longicollis exhibits a species-specific brain colonization pattern in fish.
  • Parasite localization in sensory and motor function areas suggests potential behavioral impacts.
  • Further research is needed to confirm behavioral effects caused by mechanical damage.