Ameloblastic fibroma: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare mixed odontogenic tumor, predominantly affecting the posterior mandible in young males.
• It is characterized by neoplastic epithelial and mesenchymal tissues resembling dental papilla and enamel organ, but without hard tissue formation.

Observation:

• A 34-year-old male presented with mandibular pain and swelling, exhibiting facial asymmetry.
• Clinical and imaging findings suggested an odontogenic cyst or recurrent ameloblastoma.
• The lesion was surgically enucleated under general anesthesia.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Ameloblastic fibroma.
• This rare odontogenic tumor comprises epithelial and ectomesenchymal components.

Implications:

• Ameloblastic fibroma has an 18% recurrence rate and a 45% potential for malignant transformation into ameloblastic fibrosarcoma.
• Accurate diagnosis and complete surgical excision are crucial for managing this benign jaw neoplasm.