Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

294
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
294
Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

692
The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
692
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

6.0K
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
6.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.9K
Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

5.0K
A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
5.0K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Universal Crossover in the Three-Channel Charge Kondo Model at High Transparency.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Non-Hermitian Numerical Renormalization Group: Solution of the Non-Hermitian Kondo Model.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Quantum Work Statistics across a Critical Point: Full Crossover from Sudden Quench to the Adiabatic Limit.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Development of a Topological-Insulator-Based Quantum Resistance Standard.

IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement·2024
Same author

Phase-Selective Synthesis of Rhombohedral WS<sub>2</sub> Multilayers by Confined-Space Hybrid Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.

Nano letters·2024
Same author

Deterministic fabrication of graphene hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
12:18

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.7K

Z_{3} Parafermion in the Double Charge Kondo Model.

D B Karki1, Edouard Boulat2, Winston Pouse3,4

  • 1Division of Quantum State of Matter, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.

Physical Review Letters
|April 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped a quantum impurity model to a sine-Gordon model, revealing a Z_{3} parafermion with fractional charges e/3 at a quantum critical point. This finding aligns with recent experimental transport signatures.

More Related Videos

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.3K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
12:18

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.7K
Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.3K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems
  • Mesoscopic Physics

Background:

  • Quantum impurity models with frustrated Kondo interactions are theoretical frameworks for exploring quantum criticality.
  • Recent experiments have observed transport signatures indicative of quantum critical points in coupled metal-semiconductor circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically analyze the double charge-Kondo model describing a specific experimental circuit.
  • To identify the nature of fractionalized excitations at the quantum critical point.
  • To compare theoretical predictions with experimental transport data.

Main Methods:

  • Bosonization techniques were employed to map the double charge-Kondo model to a sine-Gordon model in the Toulouse limit.
  • The Bethe-ansatz solution was used to analyze the properties of the sine-Gordon model at criticality.
  • Full numerical renormalization group (NRG) calculations were performed for the model.

Main Results:

  • The study demonstrates the emergence of a Z_{3} parafermion at the quantum critical point.
  • This parafermion is characterized by a fractional residual entropy of 1/2ln(3) and scatters fractional charges of e/3.
  • Numerical renormalization group calculations show excellent agreement between the predicted and experimentally observed conductance behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The double charge-Kondo model, under specific conditions, hosts a Z_{3} parafermionic quantum critical point.
  • The theoretical findings provide a microscopic explanation for the experimental observations in coupled metal-semiconductor islands.
  • This work highlights the utility of bosonization and Bethe-ansatz solutions in understanding fractionalized excitations in quantum impurity systems.