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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Coulomb's Law describes the force experienced by two point charges under each other's presence. But what if there are more than two charges? For example, if there is a third charge, does it experience a force that is a simple combination of the individual forces due to the first two charges? Can it be described mathematically?
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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
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Optical Saturation Produces Spurious Evidence for Photoinduced Superconductivity in K_{3}C_{60}.

J Steven Dodge1, Leya Lopez1, Derek G Sahota1

  • 1Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.

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|April 21, 2023
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High pump intensities in optical conductivity measurements can cause systematic errors. These errors, from optical nonlinearities, may falsely suggest photoinduced superconductivity in materials like K_{3}C_{60}.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Time-resolved optical conductivity is crucial for understanding electronic dynamics.
  • High pump intensities are often used to induce measurable changes in materials.
  • Existing measurements may be affected by unaddressed systematic errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and explain a systematic error in time-resolved optical conductivity measurements.
  • To demonstrate how optical nonlinearities distort photoconductivity depth profiles and spectra.
  • To investigate the potential misinterpretation of photoinduced superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of optical nonlinearities in pump-probe spectroscopy.
  • Modeling the distortion of photoconductivity depth profiles.
  • Examination of existing experimental data on K_{3}C_{60}.

Main Results:

  • Optical nonlinearities at high pump intensities systematically distort photoconductivity measurements.
  • This distortion can mimic the spectral features of photoinduced superconductivity.
  • Evidence suggests this artifact is present in published K_{3}C_{60} data.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic error affects high-intensity time-resolved optical conductivity measurements.
  • The error can lead to false positives for photoinduced superconductivity.
  • Methods for correcting this error in pump-probe spectroscopy are discussed.