Putting hornets on the genomic map

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Evolutionary Biology
• Invasive Species Ecology

Background:

• Hornets are significant insect population regulators in native ranges.
• Invasive hornets cause substantial ecological and economic damage.
• Understanding hornet invasion success is crucial for biodiversity conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• Provide annotated genomes for Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina.
• Compare hornet genomes with other social Hymenoptera.
• Investigate genetic factors contributing to hornet invasion success.

Main Methods:

• Genome sequencing and annotation for Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina.
• Comparative genomics analysis with Vespa mandarinia and other Hymenoptera.
• Analysis of selection pressures and gene expression in hornet brains.

Main Results:

• Genomes of Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina are presented and annotated.
• Evidence of selection on reproductive genes in three hornet species.
• Vespa crabro shows positive selection on genes related to molecular binding and olfaction.
• 133 differentially expressed genes identified in caste-specific brain transcriptomes, including olfactory genes.

Conclusions:

• The provided genomic resources are vital for hornet research.
• Selection on reproductive genes may facilitate invasive spread.
• Olfactory system genes are potential targets for managing invasive hornets.
• Future molecular methods can aid in native and invasive hornet population management.