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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Putting hornets on the genomic map.

Emeline Favreau1, Alessandro Cini2,3, Daisy Taylor2

  • 1Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. emeline.a.favreau@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|April 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic resources for hornets Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina reveal selection pressures on reproductive genes. This research aids in understanding and managing invasive hornet populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Invasive Species Ecology

Background:

  • Hornets are significant insect population regulators in native ranges.
  • Invasive hornets cause substantial ecological and economic damage.
  • Understanding hornet invasion success is crucial for biodiversity conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide annotated genomes for Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina.
  • Compare hornet genomes with other social Hymenoptera.
  • Investigate genetic factors contributing to hornet invasion success.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and annotation for Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina.
  • Comparative genomics analysis with Vespa mandarinia and other Hymenoptera.
  • Analysis of selection pressures and gene expression in hornet brains.

Main Results:

  • Genomes of Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina are presented and annotated.
  • Evidence of selection on reproductive genes in three hornet species.
  • Vespa crabro shows positive selection on genes related to molecular binding and olfaction.
  • 133 differentially expressed genes identified in caste-specific brain transcriptomes, including olfactory genes.

Conclusions:

  • The provided genomic resources are vital for hornet research.
  • Selection on reproductive genes may facilitate invasive spread.
  • Olfactory system genes are potential targets for managing invasive hornets.
  • Future molecular methods can aid in native and invasive hornet population management.