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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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Engineering live attenuated vaccines: Old dogs learning new tricks.

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Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
|April 24, 2023
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This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered non-commensal bacteria show promise for treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes by rebalancing the gut microbiome and expressing beneficial gene products.

Keywords:
AttenuationAutoimmunityBacteria vaccinesImmunomodulationImmunotherapyNon-commensal

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiome research
  • Genetic engineering

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes) are rising globally.
  • Current treatments have limitations, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
  • The gut microbiome's role in autoimmune disease severity is increasingly recognized, with dysbiosis being a key factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of engineered non-commensal bacteria as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight current and emerging trends in utilizing these engineered microbes.
  • To discuss their application in preventing and managing rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering and attenuation of non-commensal bacteria.
  • Engineering bacteria to express immunomodulatory molecules like anti-inflammatory cytokines and autoantigens.
  • Engineering bacteria to synthesize beneficial microbial metabolites.
  • Review of current literature on engineered bacteria for autoimmune disease therapy.

Main Results:

  • Engineered non-commensal bacteria serve as versatile platforms for modulating immune responses.
  • These engineered microbes can express therapeutic gene products to suppress autoimmunity.
  • Potential for rebalancing the gut microbiome and mitigating autoimmune symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered non-commensal bacteria represent a promising frontier in autoimmune disease treatment.
  • This approach offers a malleable platform to address immune imbalances in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
  • Further research and development could lead to novel preventative and therapeutic strategies.