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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Variation in how cognitive control modulates sentence processing.

Abhijeet Patra1,2, Jeremy Kirkwood1, Erica L Middleton1

  • 1Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA.

Royal Society Open Science
|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control aids sentence comprehension, but its necessity varies with task demands. Individual differences in cognitive control impact offline accuracy, not online processing, in language tasks.

Keywords:
conflict adaptationconflict resolutionexecutive functionindividual differencessentence comprehensionsyntax

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prior research indicates cognitive control aids sentence comprehension, but findings are mixed.
  • The necessity of cognitive control for accurate comprehension remains debated, potentially varying with conflict type and individual differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cognitive control recruitment in language processing varies based on sentential ambiguity, individual differences, and task demands.
  • To examine the relationship between cognitive control, working memory, and sentence comprehension performance.

Main Methods:

  • A web-based experiment with two sessions: Session 1 involved Stroop and sentence comprehension trials with syntax-semantics or phrase-attachment conflict.
  • Session 2 included cognitive control and working memory tasks.
  • Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify cognitive control and working memory factors.

Main Results:

  • No significant conflict modulation effects were observed at the group level for either conflict type.
  • Individual differences in cognitive control correlated with offline comprehension accuracy, but not with online processing measures.
  • Working memory did not show significant correlations with comprehension measures.

Conclusions:

  • The role of cognitive control in sentence processing is task-dependent, particularly when overt decisions are required.
  • Individual differences in cognitive control may influence offline language comprehension performance.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the conditions under which cognitive control affects online language processing.