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From Trace to Pure: Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO₂ Acid Waste.

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Summary

This study presents a new method for recovering scandium (Sc), a critical raw material, from industrial waste. The process shows potential for cost-effective, domestic production of Sc, reducing reliance on imports.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

The European Union faces potential supply disruptions for scandium (Sc), a critical raw material, due to heavy reliance on imports.
Titania (TiO2) acid waste presents a potential secondary source for scandium recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and assess a novel process for scandium recovery from titania acid waste.
To evaluate the technical feasibility and economic viability of the proposed scandium recovery method.

Main Methods:

A multi-stage process combining advanced filtration (hydroxide precipitation, micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration) with solvent extraction and antisolvent crystallization was employed.
The process was piloted using approximately 1 m³ of European acid waste containing scandium.

Main Results:

Approximately 13 g of scandium was recovered as ammonium hexafluoroscandate ((NH4)3ScF6) with a purity of ~95% and a 43% yield over nine stages.
Production costs per kilogram of scandium trifluoride (ScF3) were found to be lower than current market prices.

Conclusions:

The developed process demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovering scandium from European secondary sources.
While technical challenges like solid-liquid separation and energy consumption exist, the method offers a competitive pathway for securing a domestic supply of this critical raw material.