Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor-Mediated Peripheral Neuropathy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system.
• Common ICIs include programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors.
• While effective, ICIs can cause immune-related adverse events affecting various organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report cases of peripheral neuropathy associated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy.
• To review and summarize neurotoxicity induced by PD-1 inhibitors from existing literature.
• To enhance clinician and patient awareness of these rare but serious neurologic adverse reactions.

Main Methods:

• Case reporting of peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
• Comprehensive literature search for studies on PD-1 inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity.
• Synthesis of findings to characterize the neurotoxic effects and their management.

Main Results:

• Peripheral neuropathy is a rare but significant adverse event associated with PD-1 inhibitors.
• Neurotoxicity can severely impact patient quality of life and prognosis.
• Understanding the spectrum of neurotoxicity is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Conclusions:

• PD-1 inhibitors, despite their therapeutic benefits, carry a risk of neurologic toxicity, including peripheral neuropathy.
• Increased clinical vigilance and patient education are essential for managing these adverse events.
• Further research may elucidate mechanisms and improve strategies to mitigate ICI-related neurotoxicity.