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Screening of chelating agents for chemolysis
European Urology
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Chelating agents can dissolve kidney stones by increasing the solubility of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite. Certain agents show high effectiveness, particularly at pH 8, offering promise for litholytic treatments.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Materials Science
- Nephrology
Background:
- Kidney stones are primarily composed of inorganic compounds like calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite.
- Chelating agents are known to bind metal ions, influencing the solubility of mineral salts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the litholytic potential of various chelating agents against common kidney stone components.
- To determine the influence of pH and specific chelating agents on the solubility of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium hydroxyapatite, and struvite.
Main Methods:
- Solubility calculations for calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium hydroxyapatite as a function of pH in the presence of 19 chelating agents.
- Comparison of solubilities with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and trans-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA).
- Calculation of struvite solubility curves for selected chelating agents.
Main Results:
- Five chelating agents demonstrated high solubility for calcium phosphate and oxalate at pH 8 or higher.
- Ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) showed low struvite solubility.
- A decreasing order of litholytic effectiveness was established: CDTA ≈ EDTA ≈ EGTA > EEDTA > DTPA > UDA ≈ HEDTA.
Conclusions:
- Chelating agent solutions, especially at pH 8+, exhibit high solubilities for inorganic kidney stone compounds.
- Certain chelating agents, excluding EGTA and HEDTA for struvite, show significant promise as effective litholytic agents for kidney stone dissolution.