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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

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Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells
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CD16+ Macrophages: An Emerging Biomarker for Combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 Blockade
James W Smithy1, Jason J Luke2,3
1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
Abstract:
In a retrospective analysis of patients with unresectable melanoma, higher pretreatment tissue densities of CD16+ macrophages were associated with clinical benefit from combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. With further validation, this biomarker could serve as a tool in selecting between immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens. See related article by Lee et al., p. 2513.

