Design of Over-1000 nm Near-Infrared Fluorescent Polymeric Micellar Nanoparticles by Matching the Solubility...

Polymeric micellar nanoparticles (PNPs) encapsulating over-thousand-nanometer (OTN) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye molecules in block polymers having hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains are promising agents for the dynamic imaging of deep tissue. To achieve OTN-NIR fluorescent PNPs (OTN-PNPs) having high brightness, it is crucial to increase the affinity between the core polymer and dye molecules by matching their polarities; thus, criteria and methods to evaluate the affinity are required. In this study, we used the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP), including the polarity term, to evaluate the affinity between the two substances. HSP values of the OTN-NIR fluorescent dye IR-1061 and four core polymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and polystyrene (PSt), were calculated using the Hansen solubility sphere method and molecular group contribution method, respectively. The relative energy density between IR-1061 and each core polymer calculated using their HSP values revealed that the affinities of PLGA and PLA for IR-1061 are higher than those of PCL and PSt. Therefore, OTN-PNPs composed of PLGA, PLA, and PCL core polymers were prepared and compared. The OTN-PNPs having PLGA and PLA cores could be loaded with larger amounts of IR-1061, had higher photoluminescence intensities, and showed higher stability in phosphate buffered saline than those having PCL cores. Moreover, the OTN-PNPs having PLGA or PLA cores were used for the dynamic imaging of live mice. Thus, matching the solubility parameters of the core polymer and dye molecule is a useful approach for designing high-performance OTN-NIR fluorescent probes.