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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
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[Barlow's disease with arrhythmic phenotype: a case report].

Marco Mengoni1, Serenella Conti1, Marco Dell'Uomo1

  • 1S.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, Università degli Studi di Perugia.

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|April 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Barlow disease, a severe mitral valve condition, is linked to sudden cardiac death, especially in young women. This case report examines risk markers like ECG changes and myocardial fibrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Barlow disease is an extreme form of mitral valve degeneration.
  • It involves myxoid degeneration leading to billowing or prolapsed leaflets.
  • The condition is increasingly associated with sudden cardiac death.

Observation:

  • This case report focuses on a patient with Barlow disease.
  • Symptoms included anxiety, chest pain, and palpitations.
  • The patient was a young woman, a demographic common for this condition.

Findings:

  • Key risk markers for sudden cardiac death were assessed.
  • These included specific ECG changes and complex ventricular ectopy.
  • Mitral annular disjunction and myocardial fibrosis were also evaluated.

Implications:

  • Understanding these risk markers is crucial for managing Barlow disease.
  • Early identification and intervention may help prevent sudden cardiac death.
  • Further research into the link between Barlow disease and cardiac events is warranted.