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Related Concept Videos

Measures of Intelligence01:29

Measures of Intelligence

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Psychologists measure intelligence by using standardized tests that produce a score known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. To understand IQ tests, it's important to recognize the key principles behind their construction: validity, reliability, and standardization.
Validity refers to how well a test measures what it claims to measure. An intelligence test should accurately assess intelligence rather than another characteristic, like anxiety. Criterion validity is one way to evaluate this;...
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Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

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The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
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Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence01:23

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Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing...
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Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence01:23

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David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence...
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Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Reducing Black-White Racial Differences on Intelligence Tests Used in Hiring for Public Safety Jobs.

Harold W Goldstein1, Kenneth P Yusko2, Charles A Scherbaum1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Journal of Intelligence
|April 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Modern intelligence tests can help public safety organizations hire diverse talent. These novel cognitive assessments demonstrate validity and reduce racial disparities in hiring, unlike traditional tests.

Keywords:
adverse impactcognitive ability testinggroup differencesmodern cognitive testspublic safety hiring

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Area of Science:

  • Industrial-Organizational Psychology
  • Human Resources Management
  • Public Safety

Background:

  • Traditional intelligence tests in public safety hiring show limited predictive validity and negatively impact Black candidates.
  • Systematic racism is a persistent issue within public safety occupations.
  • There is a need for inclusive hiring strategies to build diverse workforces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a modern intelligence test as a diversity and inclusion strategy for public safety hiring.
  • To determine if modern intelligence tests can mitigate racial disparities in employment.
  • To assess the criterion-related validity of novel cognitive assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Examined a modern intelligence test featuring unfamiliar cognitive problems.
  • Conducted six studies across various public safety roles (police, firefighter).
  • Analyzed test performance against job performance and training success metrics.

Main Results:

  • The modern intelligence test demonstrated consistent criterion-related validity.
  • The test effectively predicted job performance and training success.
  • Significant mitigation of Black-White group differences was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Modern intelligence tests offer a viable strategy for enhancing diversity in public safety.
  • These assessments can improve hiring outcomes and reduce historical inequities.
  • Implications for I/O psychology and HR include facilitating employment for Black citizens in public safety.