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A Simple Aptamer-Based Nanoconjugate Assay for Diagnosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Seyed Saeed Mousavi1, Hosein Ayatollahi2, Khalil Abnous3,4
1Department of Hematology, School of Medical, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Insights
This study presents a novel aptamer-based biosensor for early diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The cost-effective aptasensor offers high sensitivity and rapid detection of K562 cells in blood samples.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Hematology
Background:
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a bone marrow stem cell disease characterized by granulocyte proliferation.
- Delayed diagnosis of CML leads to a blastic phase with a significantly reduced survival rate (3-6 months).
- Early CML diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a simple and effective aptamer-based biosensor (aptasensor) for the early diagnosis of K562 cells, a human immortalized myeloid leukemia cell line.
- To demonstrate the aptasensor's capability for sensitive and rapid detection of CML in blood samples.
Main Methods:
- Aptamer-based nanoconjugate developed using T2-KK1B10 aptamer strands on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs).
- MSNPs loaded with rhodamine B, coated with Ca2+ ions and ATP aptamer.
- Nanoconjugate enters K562 cells, releasing rhodamine B due to intracellular ATP and low Ca2+ levels, increasing fluorescence.
Main Results:
- The aptasensor showed strong fluorescence emission in K562 cells (CML cells) compared to MCF-7 cells.
- Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed the selective detection of CML cells.
- The aptasensor demonstrated high sensitivity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness in blood samples.
Conclusions:
- The developed aptasensor is a promising tool for the early diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia.
- Its high sensitivity, speed, and cost-effectiveness make it suitable for clinical application.
- This nanoconjugate-based approach offers a novel strategy for leukemia cell detection.
Abstract:
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a bone marrow stem cell clonal disease appears from the proliferation of granulocyte cells at all stages of maturation. If the disease diagnosis is not early, patients enter the blastic phase, which decreases their survival rate to 3-6 months. It implies the significance of the early diagnosis of CML. In this study, we introduce a simple array for diagnosis of the K562 cells as the human immortalized myeloid leukemia cell line. The developed aptamer-based biosensor (aptasensor) includes the T2-KK1B10 aptamer strands attached to the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with the cavities accumulated from rhodamine B and coated by both Ca2+ ions and ATP aptamer. The aptamer-based nanoconjugate can enter the K562 cells through the complexation of the T2-KK1B10 aptamer with the cells. The ATP in the cells and low level of intracellular Ca2+ ion release both the aptamer and ion from the surface of the MSNPs. The liberated rhodamine B results in an increased fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence microscope imaging and flow cytometry histogram display a strong fluorescence emission for the K562 cells (CML cells) exposed to the nanoconjugate in comparison with that for MCF-7 cells. The aptasensor possesses good performance in the blood samples with the advantages of high sensitivity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness, making it an appropriate tool for the diagnosis of CML disease.
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