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iGen or shyGen? Generational Differences in Shyness.

Louis A Schmidt1, Christina A Brook1, Raha Hassan1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young adults are reporting increased shyness over time. This study found higher shyness levels in Generation Z compared to millennials, with even higher levels observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicGen Zgenerational differencesmeasurement invariancemillennialsshynesssocial anxietyyoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Developmental Science

Background:

  • Popular media often portrays Generation Z as more socially inhibited and risk-averse than previous generations.
  • Empirical research is needed to validate these generational differences in social behavior.
  • The impact of acute events like the COVID-19 pandemic on generational traits requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically examine between-group differences in self-reported shyness across millennials and Generation Z.
  • To assess if shyness levels changed within Generation Z before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To control for age effects using a time-lagged design in generational comparisons.

Main Methods:

  • A simplified time-lagged design was employed to compare young adult participants.
  • Self-reported shyness was measured in millennial (1999-2001) and Generation Z (2018-2020) cohorts at similar developmental ages.
  • Measurement invariance was established to ensure reliable cross-cohort comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher mean levels of shyness were observed across successive cohorts.
  • Millennials reported lower shyness than Generation Z.
  • Generation Z participants tested during the COVID-19 pandemic exhibited the highest levels of shyness.

Conclusions:

  • Generational differences in shyness are empirically supported, with increasing levels observed over time.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated shyness in young adults.
  • Findings suggest a trend towards increased social inhibition in younger generations.