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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

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In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...

Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation

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Introduction
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

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Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.

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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

Published on: July 18, 2017

Research Progress on Propylene Preparation by Propane Dehydrogenation.

Cheng Zuo¹, Qian Su¹

¹College of Chemistry & Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261000, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 28, 2023

Summary

Propylene production is increasing due to global economic growth. Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation offers a promising, industrially viable solution for meeting future propylene demand.

Keywords:

chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation oxygen carrier propane propylene

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Catalysis
Materials Science

Background:

Global demand for propylene is rising, outpacing current production capabilities.
Existing methods like anaerobic and oxidative dehydrogenation face significant challenges.
A novel, reliable, and practical propylene production method is urgently needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To review catalysts and oxygen carriers for propylene production.
To evaluate different dehydrogenation methods: anaerobic, oxidative, and chemical looping oxidative.
To identify future opportunities for advancing oxygen carriers in chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on catalysts and oxygen carriers for various dehydrogenation processes.
Comparative analysis of anaerobic dehydrogenation, oxidative dehydrogenation, and chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation.
Focus on the performance and industrialization potential of oxygen carrier cycles.

Main Results:

Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation overcomes limitations of traditional methods.
Oxygen carrier cycles in chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation demonstrate superior performance.
The chemical looping approach shows significant potential for industrial propylene production.

Conclusions:

Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation is a highly promising route for future propylene synthesis.
Advancements in oxygen carriers are crucial for optimizing this process.
Further research into oxygen carriers presents significant opportunities for industrial application.