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In Patients Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes When

Jeffrey Spindel1, Stephen Furmanek2, Thomas Chandler2

  • 1Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) face longer hospital stays and higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with influenza CAP. This highlights the need for tailored care and preventative strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are leading causes of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
  • Pandemic potential and high transmissibility of both viruses are established.
  • Clinical outcome disparities between SARS-CoV-2 CAP and influenza CAP remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 versus influenza.
  • To evaluate differences in length of stay and in-hospital mortality.
  • To inform clinical care decisions and disease burden estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of three patient cohorts hospitalized for CAP.
  • Matching of 259 influenza CAP cases to 518 SARS-CoV-2 CAP controls based on sex, age, and nursing home residency.
  • Stratified Cox-proportional hazards regression and conditional logistic regression for outcome analysis.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 CAP patients were 2.23 times more likely to have a prolonged hospitalization.
  • Patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP had 3.84 times higher odds of in-hospital mortality compared to influenza CAP patients.
  • Consistently worse outcomes were observed for SARS-CoV-2 CAP after matching and adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 CAP is associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes than influenza CAP.
  • Findings support differentiated management strategies for these viral pneumonias.
  • Emphasizes the importance of preventative measures against SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords:
COVID-19influenzainvasive mechanical ventilationnursing homepandemic

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