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Related Concept Videos

Flow Table Test01:12

Flow Table Test

207
The flow table test is an established method used to assess the workability of concrete, particularly useful for evaluating highly flowable concrete mixes. This test employs an apparatus that consists of a wooden board topped with a steel plate, collectively weighing 35 pounds. The board is connected to a base via a hinge and measures 27.6 inches on each side.
Concrete is placed within a truncated cone mold that is 8 inches high with an 8-inch base diameter and a 5-inch top diameter. The...
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Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

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The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
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No-Cap Flowable Bulk-Fill Composite: Physico-Mechanical Assessment.

Abdullah Alshehri1, Feras Alhalabi1, Ali Robaian1

  • 1Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.

Polymers
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Palfique Bulk Flow (PaBF), a new flowable bulk-fill resin-based composite (BF-RBC), demonstrated lower flexural strength than One Bulk fill (OneBF). Its use is recommended only for small restorations due to limited physical-mechanical properties.

Keywords:
bulk-fill resin-based compositecolor stabilityflexural strengthmicrohardnesssurface roughness

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (BF-RBCs) are designed for simplified dental restorations.
  • Palfique Bulk Flow (PaBF) is a newer BF-RBC material marketed for potential use without a capping layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the flexural strength, microhardness, surface roughness, and color stability of PaBF.
  • To compare PaBF against two other BF-RBCs: SDR Flow composite (SDRf) and One Bulk fill (OneBF).

Main Methods:

  • Materials tested: PaBF, SDRf, and OneBF.
  • Evaluated properties: Flexural strength (universal testing machine), microhardness (Vickers indenter), surface roughness (optical profiler), and color stability (spectrophotometer).
  • Tested under simulated water storage conditions.

Main Results:

  • OneBF exhibited superior flexural strength and microhardness compared to PaBF and SDRf.
  • PaBF and SDRf showed significantly lower surface roughness than OneBF.
  • Water storage negatively impacted flexural strength and increased surface roughness for all materials.
  • SDRf displayed a significant color change after water storage.

Conclusions:

  • The physico-mechanical properties of PaBF suggest it is not suitable for stress-bearing areas without a capping layer.
  • PaBF's lower flexural strength compared to OneBF indicates limitations for its application.
  • The use of PaBF should be restricted to small restorations with minimal occlusal stress.