Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

3.5K
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
3.5K
Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

306
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
306
Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable01:31

Energy Stored In A Coaxial Cable

1.6K
A coaxial cable consists of a central copper conductor used for transmitting signals, followed by an insulator shield, a metallic braided mesh that prevents signal interference, and a plastic layer that encases the entire assembly.
In the simplest form, a coaxial cable can be represented by two long hollow concentric cylinders in which the current flows in opposite directions. The magnetic field inside and outside the coaxial cable is determined by using Ampère's law. The magnetic...
1.6K
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

182
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
182
Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

110
Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
110
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

407
Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no...
407

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Compact, Energy-Efficient, High-Speed Electro-Optic Microring Modulator Based on Graphene-TMD 2D Materials.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Effect of Skin Pigmentation and Finger Choice on Accuracy of Oxygen Saturation Measurement in an IoT-Based Pulse Oximeter.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Impact of Reducing Statistically Small Population Sampling on Threshold Detection in FBG Optical Sensing.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

High-Efficiency Metamaterial-Engineered Grating Couplers for Silicon Nitride Photonics.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Design, Optimization, and Experimental Evaluation of Slow Light Generated by π-Phase-Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating for Use in Sensing Applications.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Glycemic Control in Japanese Patients With Heart Failure and/or Hypertension.

Circulation reports·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.2K

Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators.

Daniel Neves1, Anderson Sanches2, Rafael Nobrega2

  • 1Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel mobile fronthaul network using free-space optics and graphene modulators for secure, high-speed data transmission. The optimized design achieves high efficiency and supports dense small cells for next-gen mobile systems.

Keywords:
5G6GFSOenergyfronthaulgraphenemobilemodulatoropticssecurity

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.0K
A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
09:03

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.2K
Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.0K
A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response
09:03

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Optical Communications

Background:

  • Next-generation mobile systems require enhanced data rates, security, and energy efficiency.
  • Dense small cell architectures are crucial for scaling mobile network performance.
  • Free-space optical (FSO) technologies are gaining interest for high-speed communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel mobile fronthaul network architecture.
  • To integrate FSO, spread spectrum codes, and graphene modulators for dense small cells.
  • To enhance data security and energy efficiency in mobile networks.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fronthaul network architecture utilizing FSO transmitters.
  • Employed spread spectrum codes for enhanced data security.
  • Designed and optimized an energy-efficient graphene modulator for data transmission.
  • Integrated forward error correction for reliable data transfer.

Main Results:

  • The proposed network supports up to 32 remote antennas with error-free transmission.
  • The optimized graphene modulator achieves an energy efficiency of 4.6 fJ/bit.
  • High-speed performance up to 42.6 GHz was demonstrated.
  • The modulator design significantly reduced graphene material usage by 75%.

Conclusions:

  • The novel mobile fronthaul network effectively addresses the demands of next-generation mobile systems.
  • Graphene modulators offer a highly energy-efficient and high-performance solution for optical fronthaul.
  • The integration of FSO and advanced modulation techniques enables secure and scalable mobile communication.