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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Implicit Overhearing Node-Based Multi-Hop Communication Scheme in IoT LoRa Networks.

Dick Mugerwa1, Youngju Nam1, Hyunseok Choi1

  • 1School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an implicit overhearing node-based multi-hop communication (IOMC) scheme for Long Range (LoRa) Internet of Things (IoT) networks. IOMC enhances packet delivery success and reduction ratios by utilizing overhearing nodes, improving performance in dense and challenging signal conditions.

Keywords:
Internet of things (IoT)long range (LoRa)low-power wide-area network (LPWAN)medium access control (MAC)received signal strength indicator (RSSI)spreading factor (SF)

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Network Protocols

Background:

  • Long Range (LoRa) is crucial for low-power, wide-area IoT networks, but single-hop architectures face path loss and transmission time limitations.
  • Existing multi-hop LoRa schemes focus on coverage but neglect packet delivery success ratio (PDSR) and packet reduction ratio (PRR) improvements via overhearing.
  • Duty cycle regulations in LoRaWAN present challenges for relay operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an Implicit Overhearing Node-based Multi-hop Communication (IOMC) scheme for IoT LoRa networks.
  • To enhance the Packet Delivery Success Ratio (PDSR) and Packet Reduction Ratio (PRR) in LoRa networks.
  • To leverage implicit relay nodes for overhearing to improve communication efficiency while adhering to duty cycle regulations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an IOMC scheme utilizing implicit relay nodes as overhearing nodes (OHs) among end devices (EDs) with low spreading factors (SF).
  • Designed a theoretical framework for selecting and determining OH nodes, considering the LoRaWAN Media Access Control (MAC) protocol.
  • Conducted simulations to evaluate the performance of the IOMC scheme.

Main Results:

  • The IOMC scheme significantly increases the probability of successful transmission for distant EDs.
  • IOMC demonstrates superior performance in scenarios with high node density.
  • The proposed scheme exhibits greater resilience to poor Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) compared to existing multi-hop LoRa networks.

Conclusions:

  • The IOMC scheme effectively improves PDSR and PRR in IoT LoRa networks by exploiting overhearing.
  • Implicit relay nodes can be strategically used to enhance multi-hop communication efficiency under duty cycle constraints.
  • IOMC offers a robust solution for challenging IoT environments characterized by high density and weak signal strength.