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Permeability of Concrete

Permeability of Concrete

Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...

Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete

Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete

Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...

Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

Published on: December 16, 2019

Wave Dispersion Behavior in Quasi-Solid State Concrete Hydration.

Yin Chao Wu¹, Sanggoo Kang², Yeongseok Jeong¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 28, 2023

Summary

Investigating wave dispersion in concrete

Keywords:

P-wave analytical solution hydration inhomogenous medium sensors surface wave wave dispersion wave scattering

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Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone ITZ

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Published on: September 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering

Background:

Concrete's quasi-solid state is crucial for quality control.
Current methods for assessing concrete set time lack comprehensive hydration understanding.
Wave dispersion offers a novel approach to monitor concrete's transitional phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate wave dispersion behavior in concrete's quasi-solid state.
To understand microstructure hydration interactions during this phase.
To develop a more accurate method for determining optimal concrete set times using sensors.

Main Methods:

Studied P-wave and surface wave dispersion using transducers and sensors.
Analyzed dispersion behavior across different concrete mixtures.
Compared phase velocity and validated data with analytical solutions.
Tested specimens with a w/c ratio of 0.5 under impulse frequencies from 40 kHz to 150 kHz.

Main Results:

P-wave results aligned with analytical solutions, showing peak phase velocity at 50 kHz.
Surface wave phase velocity exhibited time-dependent patterns influenced by microstructure.
Wave dispersion effectively characterizes concrete's quasi-solid state hydration.

Conclusions:

Wave dispersion provides profound insights into concrete hydration and quality control in the quasi-solid state.
This method offers a new approach for determining the optimal time for concrete products.
Findings are applicable to optimizing concrete additive manufacturing for 3D printing.