Multi-Layer Beam Scanning Leaky Wave Antenna for Remote Vital Signs Detection at 60 GHz

A multi-layer beam-scanning leaky wave antenna (LWA) for remote vital sign monitoring (RVSM) at 60 GHz using a single-tone continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar has been developed in a typical dynamic environment. The antenna's components are: a partially reflecting surface (PRS), high-impedance surfaces (HISs), and a plain dielectric slab. A dipole antenna works as a source together with these elements to produce a gain of 24 dBi, a frequency beam scanning range of 30°, and precise remote vital sign monitoring (RVSM) up to 4 m across the operating frequency range (58-66 GHz). The antenna requirements for the DR are summarised in a typical dynamic scenario where a patient is to have continuous monitoring remotely, while sleeping. During the continuous health monitoring process, the patient has the freedom to move up to one meter away from the fixed sensor position.The proposed multi-layer LWA system was placed at a distance of 2 m and 4 m from the test subject to confirm the suitability of the developed antenna for dynamic RVSM applications. A proper setting of the operating frequency range (58 to 66 GHz) enabled the detection of both heart beats and respiration rates of the subject within a 30° angular range.