Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2025
06:33
Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
Published on: June 9, 2018
7.8K
Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome: A Case Report
Jorge Del Pino-Camposeco1, Eliezer Villanueva-Castro1, Juan Antonio Ponce-Gómez1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, MEX.
Cureus
|April 28, 2023
Summary
Foix-Alajouanine syndrome, a rare spinal arteriovenous malformation, causes myelopathy. Early diagnosis via imaging and treatment with embolization or surgery are crucial for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Foix-Alajouanine syndrome is a rare spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) presenting as myelopathy.
- It typically affects thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments, leading to neurological deficits.
- Misdiagnosis is common, delaying appropriate treatment.
Observation:
- A 46-year-old female presented with lower limb weakness, sensory loss, low back pain, urinary incontinence, and constipation.
- Thoracic spine MRI revealed hypointense signals in the posterior epidural space, indicative of enlarged arteries.
Findings:
- Spinal digital subtraction angiography confirmed a right perimedullary fistula with venous drainage.
- Successful endovascular embolization was performed, confirming the diagnosis and providing treatment.
Implications:
- Dilated posterior epidural vessels on T2 and STIR MRI sequences are key diagnostic indicators.
- Misdiagnosis is common, highlighting the need for increased physician awareness to prevent treatment delays.
- Treatment options include neurosurgery or endovascular embolization, offering effective management for this rare condition.
Keywords:
arteriovenous malformationfoix-alajounaine syndromemyelopathyspinal arteriovenous malformationspinal dural arteriovenous fistulaMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:21Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
13
Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
13
03:03Amyloid Fibrils
9.7K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
9.7K
01:19Allosteric Proteins-ATCase
5.8K
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function. For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
5.8K
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
11
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
11
01:13Seizures: Classification
479
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
479
01:20Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein
361
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
361