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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
324
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

243
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
243
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
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[Autoinflammatory syndromes].

Hanna Bonnekoh1,2, Martin Krusche3, Eugen Feist4

  • 1Institut für Allergieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|April 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoinflammatory diseases involve innate immune system overactivation, causing periodic fevers. Treatments focus on preventing inflammation to avoid organ damage like amyloidosis.

Keywords:
Autoinflammatory diseasesFamilial Mediterranean feverSchnitzler syndromeStill’s disease, adult-onsetVEXAS syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Autoinflammation encompasses diverse monogenic and polygenic disorders.
  • Characterized by innate immune system overactivation without adaptive immunity involvement.
  • Manifests as recurrent fever episodes and elevated inflammatory markers.

Purpose:

  • To define and categorize autoinflammatory diseases.
  • To highlight key characteristics and examples of these conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely treatment for preventing complications.

Summary:

  • Autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous group, including monogenic conditions like familial Mediterranean fever and VEXAS syndrome, and polygenic ones such as adult-onset Still's disease.
  • These disorders feature uncontrolled innate immunity, leading to recurrent inflammatory episodes.
  • Effective management aims to mitigate inflammation and prevent long-term sequelae, including amyloid A amyloidosis.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of autoinflammatory disease pathogenesis.
  • Facilitates accurate diagnosis and classification of complex inflammatory conditions.
  • Guides therapeutic strategies to prevent debilitating complications such as organ damage.