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Dynamic Heterogeneity in the Optical Signals from Single Nano-Objects.

Michel Orrit1

  • 1Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.

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|April 28, 2023
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Summary

Single-molecule experiments reveal dynamic heterogeneity, where molecular properties change over time. This phenomenon, observed across various complex systems like enzymes and nanoparticles, is common in nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ensemble-averaged measurements obscure molecular property variations.
  • Single-molecule experiments offer direct observation of heterogeneity in space and time.
  • Dynamic heterogeneity often accompanies spatial heterogeneity in complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss examples of dynamic heterogeneity observed in single-molecule or single-particle optical signals.
  • To highlight the prevalence of dynamic heterogeneity in complex systems.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule optical spectroscopy.
  • Single-particle tracking.
  • Analysis of optical signals from individual molecules and particles.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic heterogeneity was demonstrated in single enzyme molecules.
  • Dynamical heterogeneity was observed in glassy systems.
  • Magnetic relaxation of single superparamagnetic nanoparticles exhibited dynamic heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic heterogeneity is a ubiquitous phenomenon in complex systems.
  • The observed dynamic heterogeneity suggests it is a general rule, not an exception, in systems with multiple degrees of freedom.