Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 1, 2025
07:32
Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
Published on: August 20, 2010
19.3K
D.A.R.E./keepin' it REAL elementary curriculum: Substance use outcomes
William B Hansen1, Emily R Beamon2, Santiago Saldana3
1Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America.
Plos One
|April 28, 2023
Summary
The keepin' it REAL elementary program, delivered by D.A.R.E. officers, effectively deters alcohol use and vaping onset in fifth graders. This evidence-based prevention program shows positive psychosocial improvements in students.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Substance Abuse Prevention
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- D.A.R.E. America adopted the evidence-based keepin' it REAL program for elementary schools.
- An elementary version was developed from a program previously tested in middle schools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To test the effectiveness of the elementary keepin' it REAL program delivered to fifth graders.
- To evaluate the program's impact on psychosocial measures and deterring substance use onset.
Main Methods:
- The intervention was delivered to two cohorts (2019-2020, 2020-2021) with 6,122 students completing pretests.
- Due to COVID-19, immediate posttests (n=2,049) and 1-year follow-ups (n=1,486) had reduced completion rates.
- Virtual controls, using treatment cases' pretest scores, were generated for effectiveness assessment.
Main Results:
- The program demonstrated improvements in a key psychosocial measure compared to virtual controls.
- Significant deterrence in the onset of 30-day alcohol use, drunkenness, and vaping was observed.
- Outcomes suggest positive effects on deterring substance use onset.
Conclusions:
- Elementary school keepin' it REAL, delivered by D.A.R.E. officers, is effective in preventing alcohol and vaping initiation.
- The program shows promise as an evidence-based substance abuse prevention strategy for young students.
More Related Videos
05:13Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
Published on: February 28, 2025
301
08:05A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
Published on: January 5, 2018
9.8K
Related Concept Videos
01:24Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
201
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
201
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
580
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
580
01:28Conduct Disorder
96
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
96
01:17Drug Dependence
1.1K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.1K
01:03Dose-Response Relationship: Overview
3.3K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
3.3K
01:24Principles of Drug Action
6.2K
Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...
6.2K