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Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement

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D.A.R.E./keepin' it REAL elementary curriculum: Substance use outcomes.

William B Hansen¹, Emily R Beamon², Santiago Saldana³

¹Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America.

|April 28, 2023

Summary

The keepin' it REAL elementary program, delivered by D.A.R.E. officers, effectively deters alcohol use and vaping onset in fifth graders. This evidence-based prevention program shows positive psychosocial improvements in students.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Substance Abuse Prevention
Educational Psychology

Background:

D.A.R.E. America adopted the evidence-based keepin' it REAL program for elementary schools.
An elementary version was developed from a program previously tested in middle schools.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the effectiveness of the elementary keepin' it REAL program delivered to fifth graders.
To evaluate the program's impact on psychosocial measures and deterring substance use onset.

Main Methods:

The intervention was delivered to two cohorts (2019-2020, 2020-2021) with 6,122 students completing pretests.
Due to COVID-19, immediate posttests (n=2,049) and 1-year follow-ups (n=1,486) had reduced completion rates.
Virtual controls, using treatment cases' pretest scores, were generated for effectiveness assessment.

Main Results:

The program demonstrated improvements in a key psychosocial measure compared to virtual controls.
Significant deterrence in the onset of 30-day alcohol use, drunkenness, and vaping was observed.
Outcomes suggest positive effects on deterring substance use onset.

Conclusions:

Elementary school keepin' it REAL, delivered by D.A.R.E. officers, is effective in preventing alcohol and vaping initiation.
The program shows promise as an evidence-based substance abuse prevention strategy for young students.