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Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
Published on: February 5, 2015
Pain-causing stinging nettle toxins target TMEM233 to modulate NaV1.7 function.
Sina Jami1, Jennifer R Deuis1, Tabea Klasfauseweh1
1Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
The transmembrane protein TMEM233 is essential for the pain toxin Excelsatoxin A to affect voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). Co-expression of TMEM233 modifies NaV1.7 channel gating, revealing its role as an accessory protein.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) are key to neuronal excitability.
- Many toxins target NaV channels via the pore-forming α subunit.
- Excelsatoxin A (ExTxA) is a plant-derived peptide toxin that modulates NaV channels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of TMEM233 in the activity of ExTxA on NaV channels.
- To determine if TMEM233 affects the gating properties of NaV1.7 channels.
Main Methods:
- Electrophysiological recordings of NaV channel activity.
- Co-expression studies involving TMEM233 and NaV channels.
- Analysis of toxin-pharmacological activity.
Main Results:
- TMEM233 is essential for ExTxA's pharmacological activity at NaV channels.
- Co-expression of TMEM233 significantly modulates the gating properties of NaV1.7.
- TMEM233 is identified as a novel NaV1.7-interacting protein.
Conclusions:
- TMEM233 acts as an indispensable accessory protein for toxin-mediated effects on NaV channel gating.
- Dispanins, including TMEM233, are crucial for modulating NaV channel function.
- These findings offer new insights into NaV channel function in sensory neurons.
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