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Performance Monitoring and Cognitive Inhibition during a Speech-in-Noise Task in Older Listeners.

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Hearing loss impacts cognitive processes like performance monitoring and inhibition, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) theta and alpha frequencies during speech-in-noise tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Hearing loss can affect cognitive functions, including performance monitoring and cognitive inhibition.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) measures, specifically theta and alpha frequency power, are used to assess these cognitive functions.
  • Understanding how hearing loss influences cognitive effort during auditory tasks is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of hearing loss on EEG theta and alpha frequency power during a speech-in-noise task.
  • To determine if hearing loss alters the recruitment of listening effort in response to varying listening conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of EEG theta and alpha frequency power between older adults with normal hearing (ONH) and those with hearing loss (OHL).
  • Participants completed a words-in-noise task while EEG data were recorded.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and EEG frequency power.

Main Results:

  • The normal-hearing group (ONH) exhibited an inverted U-shaped effect of SNR on EEG power, consistent with performance monitoring.
  • The hearing-impaired group (OHL) showed limited effects of SNR on theta or alpha power.
  • These findings suggest that hearing loss may modulate the cognitive effort required for speech-in-noise tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Hearing loss appears to alter the relationship between listening conditions and cognitive effort, as reflected in EEG power.
  • The results indicate that individuals with hearing loss may not recruit listening effort in the same way as normal-hearing individuals.
  • Future research on listening effort in hearing-impaired populations should consider task difficulty to ensure meaningful results.