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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

923
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
923
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

2.0K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
2.0K
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers01:23

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

269
Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...
269
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors

412
Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
412
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

87
Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
87
Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data01:12

Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetic Data

313
Analysis of population pharmacokinetic data involves studying the behavior of drugs within diverse populations to understand their pharmacokinetic parameters. Traditional pharmacokinetic methods typically involve collecting samples from a few individuals and estimating these parameters. While these methods are commonly used, they have limitations in capturing the variability in drug response among individuals or heterogeneous populations. Population pharmacokinetics is employed to address these...
313

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Limiting Factors in Implementing Pharmacovigilance Principles in the Elderly.

Heer Shah1, Jasleen Nagi2, Shivank Khare2

  • 1General Surgery, Southend University Hospital, Essex, GBR.

Cureus
|May 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients face higher risks of adverse drug events due to physiological changes, polypharmacy, and herbal medicine use. Optimizing medication safety for this growing population requires addressing unique challenges in pharmacovigilance.

Keywords:
adverse drug eventsdrug-drug interactionsgeriatricspharmacovigilancepolypharmacy

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric pharmacology
  • Medication safety
  • Pharmacovigilance in elderly populations

Background:

  • The elderly population presents unique challenges for medication safety and efficacy.
  • Physiological changes, polypharmacy, and concurrent use of herbal medicines increase adverse drug event (ADE) risk in older adults.
  • Multimorbidity and complex regimens contribute to inappropriate prescribing and non-adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations in current pharmacovigilance practices concerning the elderly.
  • To underscore the heightened risk of ADEs in the aging demographic.
  • To emphasize the need for tailored strategies to ensure safe and effective medication use in older patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pharmacovigilance challenges in the elderly.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to ADEs in older adults, including physiological changes, polypharmacy, and herbal medicine interactions.
  • Discussion of clinical trial limitations and their impact on real-world evidence.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients are predisposed to harmful drug events due to altered drug metabolism and increased drug-drug interactions.
  • Complex medication regimens in multimorbid elderly patients often lead to inappropriate prescribing and poor adherence.
  • Exclusion of elderly individuals in clinical trials creates a gap between trial data and real-world patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Current pharmacovigilance frameworks are insufficient to address the complexities of medication use in the elderly.
  • The growing elderly population faces significant risks of ADEs, necessitating improved clinical decision-making and tailored safety monitoring.
  • Addressing these challenges is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and ensuring the well-being of older patients.