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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

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Blood Variation Implicates Respiratory Limits on Elevational Ranges of Andean Birds.

Ethan B Linck, Jessie L Williamson, Emil Bautista

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    Summary

    Species with greater blood oxygen-carrying capacity adaptability have broader elevational ranges. This adaptability, influenced by hematological traits, suggests a key factor in how species colonize diverse environments.

    Keywords:
    hemoglobinhypoxiamacrophysiologyniche breadthphenotypic plasticity

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    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary ecology
    • Physiological ecology
    • Avian biology

    Background:

    • Species distribution is influenced by physiological tolerances, but experimental data is limited.
    • Macrophysiology offers a scalable approach to study physiological traits and species ranges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the link between hematological traits and elevational range breadth in Andean birds.
    • Determine if hematological trait variation correlates with proximity to elevational range limits.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured hematological traits (hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit) in 2,355 individuals across 136 bird species along Andean gradients.
    • Analyzed the relationship between hematological trait sensitivity to elevation and range breadth.
    • Assessed changes in hematological trait variance relative to elevational range limits.

    Main Results:

    • Birds with higher hematological sensitivity to elevation exhibited broader elevational ranges.
    • Reduced variation in hematological traits was observed near elevational range limits and at high elevations.
    • These patterns suggest intensified selection or adaptation related to oxygen availability.

    Conclusions:

    • Hematological sensitivity and local adaptation to oxygen influence the evolution of narrow elevational ranges in tropical montane species.
    • This has implications for understanding biodiversity patterns in montane ecosystems.
    • The study highlights the role of physiological constraints in shaping species distributions.