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Gender differences in peer reviewed grant applications, awards, and amounts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Karen B Schmaling1, Stephen A Gallo2
1Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA. karen.schmaling@wsu.edu.
Research Integrity and Peer Review
|May 2, 2023
Summary
Gender disparities exist in scientific grant funding. While award acceptance rates were similar for men and women, women received smaller grant amounts and fewer reapplication awards, potentially hindering scientific careers.
Area of Science:
- Scientific research funding
- Gender studies in STEM
- Grant application processes
Background:
- Differential success in grant applications may contribute to underrepresentation of women in science.
- Investigating gender differences in grant outcomes is crucial for equity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on gender differences in grant award acceptance rates.
- To examine reapplication award acceptance rates to identify potential peer review bias.
- To analyze other grant-related outcomes by gender.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021232153) following PRISMA 2020 standards.
- Searched databases (Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Web of Science) from 2005-2020, including citation searches.
- Included studies reporting gender-disaggregated data on grant applications, awards, amounts, and acceptance rates; analyzed using meta-analyses and generalized linear mixed models.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 55 sources (49 papers, 6 funder reports) using person-level data.
- Award acceptance rates were similar between men and women (1% higher for men, not significant).
- Reapplication award acceptance rates were significantly higher for men (9%). Women received smaller award amounts.
Conclusions:
- While overall award acceptance rates show no gender bias, women receive smaller awards and fewer reapplication awards.
- These funding disparities may negatively impact women's scientific productivity.
- Increased global transparency is needed to monitor and verify grant funding data by gender.
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